The two traditions grew up separately, a continent apart, and arrived at conclusions so close they could finish each other’s sentences. On most scholarly datings the Gita’s core is centuries older than the Roman Stoics, so the ideas you loved in Meditations had already been sung on a battlefield in Sanskrit. This page sets the parallels down plainly, and the differences too, because the differences are where it gets interesting.
Epictetus opens his handbook by drawing the line: opinions and efforts are yours, results and reputations never were. The Gita draws the same line through the middle of every working day, and adds a warning the Stoics would applaud: seeing this clearly is no reason to stop working.
Both texts refuse to argue with the sensation itself. Pain is real and cold is cold; the teaching in each case is about the second arrow, the story spun around the feeling. The Gita’s version is gentler in tone, and it comes with a timeframe: nothing the senses deliver has ever stayed.
Both schools locate the work inside. The Stoic trains judgement until the world stops bruising him; the Gita trains the same muscle and then goes further, asking what the trained mind is for, and who exactly is doing the training.
The Stoics rest their calm on the logos, a rational order running through nature, and the self that watches your thoughts gets little further attention. The Gita makes that watcher the whole point. Behind the mind, it says, there is something that was never born and cannot die, and equanimity is a doorway to knowing it, never the destination itself. Verse 2.20 goes where no Stoic text quite goes.
The setting differs too, and it changes the feel. Meditations is a private notebook, one man talking himself steady. The Gita is a conversation, a frightened person and a friend who stayed, and it begins with the collapse the Stoics rarely admit to. If Stoicism is advice from the strong, the Gita starts from the floor of the chariot.
Nothing here ranks the two. If the dichotomy of control changed your life, the karma-yoga chapters are the older, warmer room of the same house.